Implication of the subject in sentences with a passive voice (based on the material of German and Russian)

Chervony Aleksandr Mikhailovich, Murashova Evgeniya Anatolievna

The article examines the implementation of subject-object relations in passive constructions of the Russian and German languages based on the material of the original and translated texts of M. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita". The study of the original and translated texts showed a significant predominance of the use of passive syntactic constructions in the German language. German passive constructions correspond to different types of Russian sentences (constructions of uncertain-personal and generalized-personal sentences with an active voice, sentences with a reflexive verb and with a "passive participle", etc.) The producer of the action in passive constructions not only does not take the position of the subject, but can be formally implicit in both languages, although mentally, in consciousness it is always present. The real doer is implicit in passive constructions, so the object of the performed action is in the focus of the statement.

Keywords:passive construction, subject, object, passive voice, comparative analysis