Wage system female workers and underage workers at the Kazan plant of the firm of the Krestovnikov brothers: from the foundation of the enterprise in 1855 to the beginning of the creation of "factory laws" in 1882-1886

Fan-Yung G. Y.

The object of our study is the social policy of the company of the Krestovnikov brothers; The subject of the study is the system of remuneration of female workers and underage workers at the Kazan plant of the Krestovnikov brothers firm from the foundation of the enterprise in 1855 to the publication of the first factory laws in 1882-1886. The most important results of this social policy and their significance are analyzed. Specific measures aimed at improving the wage system have been studied. The objective relationship between the improvement of production and the development of the wage system at an advanced chemical plant operating in a market economy is briefly analyzed. The work uses, firstly, universal methods of scientific knowledge (deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, etc.), secondly, the most important principles of historical knowledge (principles of historicism, the principle of a comprehensive study of history, the principle of objectivity, etc.), in thirdly, special methods of historical research (narrative, historical-genetic, synchronistic and other methods). All this made it possible to make a critical analysis of published and unpublished sources; reveal the objective reasons for improving the social policy at the Kazan enterprise of the Krestovnikov brothers, including the bonus system; identify similar features of homogeneous processes (the development of chemical science and the production success of the plant, etc.), etc. An important conclusion is made about the existence of an objective difference between a kind of "philanthropy" and social policy in the conditions of the functioning of advanced science-intensive production.

Keywords:science-intensive enterprises of pre-revolutionary Russia, pre-revolutionary chemical industry, the situation of Russian workers in the second half of the 19th century, the company's social policy, the Krestovnikov brothers, Kazan province, Kazan stearin-soap, glycerine and chemical plant, French chemist Michel Eugene Chevreul.