THE EVOLUTION OF POLYPHONISM IN THE WORK OF F.M. DOSTOEVSKY

Ma Mengqiu

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of polyphonism in the works of F.M. Dostoevsky. M.M. Bakhtin in his book "Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics" notes the new - polyphonic - form of the novel created by the writer. In the course of Bakhtin's reasoning we can observe the formation of the polyphonic method used by Dostoevsky. The aim of our paper is to show more clearly the development of polyphony in Dostoevsky's work, drawing on Bakhtin's statements. This paper identifies the structural features of Dostoevsky's works in different periods, examines the increasing internal contradiction of the characters and the complication of their inner speech, analyzes the macro-dialogue in the writer's mature novels and the author's voice that is equally present in the great dialogue. On the basis of the analysis we came to the conclusion that in Dostoevsky's works one can trace the evolution of the method of polyphony used by the writer: in the works written before the five great novels, polyphony manifests itself mainly at the level of the dialogized word of the hero, while the five great novels – already at the level of all types of dialogicality.

Keywords:M.M. Bakhtin, F.M. Dostoevsky, polyphony, split personality, microdialogue, macrodialogue, hero-ideologist