THE SPIRITUAL PATH OF THE NAQSHBANDI: FROM CENTRAL ASIA TO AFRICA

Bobokhonov R.

Sufism, which initially arose in the Islamic world in the middle of the 8th century in the form of a movement of ascetics (zahid), in the process of its historical evolution went through three stages, which were called the period of asceticism (VIII-IX centuries), the period of Sufi schools and movements (IX-XI century) and the period of Sufi tariqas (starting from the 12th century). The first two periods of the history of Sufism served as a kind of preparatory stage for the period of tariqas. Central Asia, which was one of the regions of origin and wide spread of the Sufi movement, experienced both a period of asceticism and a period of Sufi schools and movements in the 8th–11th centuries. The Hojagon-Naqshbandiyya tariqa originated in this region and is one of the earliest, fundamental and widespread tariqas in the history of Sufism, since the 14th century it became widely known as “Naqshbandiyya” thanks to Baha'addin Naqshbandi (1318 - 1389).

Keywords:Sufism, Naqshbandiy, tariqa, sharia, marifat, haqiqat, maqam, silsila, murshid, murid