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The article explores the topical issue of the presence of Russianisms in Spanish dictionaries of various types. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that a special study of Russianisms in Russian Ibero-Romanistics is being carried out for the first time. The novelty of the article lies in the following facts: it is for the first time in Russian Ibero-Romanistics that analysis of the functioning of Russianisms in the Spanish language is carried out, while the historical context of their appearance, methods of assimilation and interpretation of their meanings are considered on the example of names of Russian monetary units. In addition, it is for the first time that a critical analysis of Spanish lexicographic sources is given in connection with these lexical units. The purpose of our article is to investigate Spanish lexicographic sources containing Russianisms, to systematize various dictionary definitions of the studied Russianisms, to consider their conceptual scope depending on the goals and objectives of the source, to identify statistical data on the use of Russianisms and to draw conclusions about the frequency of these Russianisms. We have reviewed the dictionary definitions of the words «ruble» and «kopeika» given in thirteen Spanish dictionaries published from 1793 to 2007 (these are: the dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy, the dictionary of Maria Moliner, the Sopena dictionary, the «dictionary of the Spanish language, with terms of science and art» by Esteban Terreros y Pando in 4 volumes, the Anaya dictionary, the Larousse dictionary, the Spanish dictionary for foreigners, the Clave dictionary, the school educational dictionary, the encyclopedic illustrated dictionary Espasa, the Salamanca dictionary). The dictionary entries of the items in question were analyzed. As a result, the variability of definitions was revealed depending on the specifics of the dictionary, as well as the variability of the word «kopeika» both in spelling and in the category of gender and number. We also turned to the diachronic corpus of the Spanish language CNDHE in order to trace the chronology of the appearance of these Russianisms in Spanish-language texts and to the corpus of the Spanish language Corpes XXI in order to determine the number of uses of the words «rublo» and «kopek» in recent years in texts of different genres and topics and provide statistical data. An attempt was made to look at the use of these words throughout the Spanish-speaking area. Our comparative study of dictionary definitions allowed us to conclude that the word «rublo» can be called an assimilated loan-word in Spanish, while the word «copec» («kopek») remains a historicism. According to the current Spanish corpus of the XXI century, it can be concluded that the word «rublo» is most often found in fiction, while the word «copec» («kopek») is used exclusively in fiction.
Keywords:russianism, rublо, kopek, borrowing, spanish, reality, spanish dictionary.
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