Transformation of the collective addressee in folklore genres (by the material of folk riddles, signs and conspiracies)

Faizullina Nailya Ivanovna

The article presents a brief excursion to the theoretical treatment of the addressee. The author analyses H.H. Clarks`s work devoted to the process of understanding in general and B. Keysar and W. Horton`s work to prove the importance the current study. The author analyzes terms addressee in several folklore genres: charm, omen and riddle. During the analyses three types of addressee are marked out. This division is made according to the speaker`s attitude to the addressee. Omens do not have a special addressee. The analysis of superstitious omens showed that the addressee is connected with the definite situation. For example, saying the soup is oversalted because have fallen in love means that the addressee has prepared some food and others are testing it. So superstitious omens are characterized as situational. The riddle itself is more difficult than other genres owing to its goal. The riddle encodes some information and the addresse is to decode. He can do it only if he knows the encoded thing. So riddle addressee must be rather smart.

Keywords:pragmatics, addressee, charm, riddle, omen, folklore