On the semantic structure of German and Lak interjections

Ramazanova M. M.

The article presents a comparative study of interjections in the German and Lak languages. The quantitative predominance of interjections in the German language in comparison with the Lak language is revealed. The analysis of the semantic structure of interjections also reveals that what is common for the studied languages is the ability of one and the same interjection to convey very different emotions depending on the context and, on the contrary, the ability of different interjections to express the same emotions. The main difference in the functioning of interjections of the languages under study lies in the gender differentiation of interjections and the semantic motivation of the choice of the form of address in the Lak language. The comparative-typological analysis of the linguistic units of unrelated languages (German and Lak - in our case) is not only of practical value for the grammar of individual languages, but also of theoretical significance for general linguistics. The problem of comparative-typological study of individual grammatical and lexical units of different structured languages acquires particular significance in connection with the markedly increased interest in typological research in Russian science, including in the didactic aspect. A comparative study of languages of different typologies allows us to identify sources of interference and predict typical errors.

Keywords:German, Lak, emotional interjection, vocative interjection, gender marking.