THE GENESIS OF THE NOVEL: THE INFLUENCE OF JUDICIAL RHETORIC, HISTORIOGRAPHY, PAINTING, AND PHILOSOPHY

Skryabina Anastasia Mikhailovna

The influence of judicial rhetoric (Demosthenes), philosophical prose (Plato), and historiography (Thucydides) on the genesis of the novel genre is studied. The article deals with the themes and problems of the first novels in the history of European literature – "The Milesian Tales" by Aristide, "The Golden Ass" by Apuleius. Cultural achievements that were reflected in the development of the genre – the discovery of perspective, printing, the reformation, the third scientific revolution were noted. The features of medieval chivalric and educational novels are considered. The influence of Erasmus of Rotterdam on the intellectual life of Western Europe in the 16th century and literature is noted. The connection between the themes and the language of painting of the lesser Dutchmen on the appearance of the European romantic worldview and realism as a creative method is revealed. The artistic space of the novel is represented as connected with philosophical thought: in the age of Enlightenment as an illustration of the French enlighteners’ ideas; in the 19th century as an empirical material about the life of society during the two industrial revolutions and the development of capitalist relations; in the 20th century as a moving unity of the internal and external world.

Keywords:novel, Milesian stories, philosophical prose, rhetoric, chivalric novel, Erasmus of Rotterdam, archetype of the novel, novelist, perspective, Enlightenment, printing, picture of the world, classicism, the lesser Dutchmen, realism, romanticism, sensualism, existential novel, Bakhtin, Hegel.