VIEWS OF RUSSIAN ENLIGHTENMENT GUIDES OF THE 18TH CENTURY: THE IDEA OF FORMING A “NEW” MAN

Skopa V. A.

The Age of Enlightenment initiated the creation of a new type of intellectual who received a good education, followed the events in Europe and strived to create a new national ideology imbued with a secular, worldly principle. The focus was not so much on the problems of transcendental being, but on the real world and human existence associated with it. Pedagogical views in the era of Russian Enlightenment in the 18th century were expressed not only in the anthropocentric aspect, but also in the socio-pedagogical one, most of all - through translated and domestic utopias. The transformation of ideological plans around the human essence in the era under consideration is noticeable in such types of art as painting, where the emphasis is on the genre of portraiture, and music. Kozelsky, Lomonosov, Skovoroda, Tatishchev, Shcherbatov and other scientists and public representatives in their texts formed a new national self-consciousness, which was built on an extra-church basis.

Keywords:enlightenment, absolutism, secularization, education, Russian thought.