THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION AND THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE IN RELATION TO NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY ISSUES (2015–2025)

Lun HaoTian

This article examines the historical evolution of interaction between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the context of non-traditional security challenges over the period from 2015 to 2025. Based on a chronological analysis, three stages are identified: the phase of passive response (2015–2020), the formation of mechanisms (2021–2023), and strategic synchronization (2024–2025). Particular attention is given to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, sanctions pressure, cyber threats, and energy crises on the transformation of this partnership. The article outlines three potential scenarios for future development: deepening integration, confrontation, and neutral coexistence. The study concludes that non-traditional security has become a structural element of Eurasian cooperation, shaping new contours of regional interaction.

Keywords:Eurasian Economic Union, Belt and Road Initiative, historical evolution, non-traditional security, integration processes, geopolitical risks.