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The article examines the characteristics of the activities of national associations and forms of interethnic communication in the Kuban and Black Sea regions during the Soviet period. It analyzes the implementation of Soviet national policy from the establishment of Bolshevik power to the 1970s. Particular attention is paid to the work of the Subdepartment for the Education of National Minorities (Natsmen), the development of a network of national schools, the functioning of cultural and educational sections and clubs, as well as the formation of national districts and local self-government bodies. The study demonstrates that during the 1920s the policy of korenizatsiya promoted education in native languages, expanded cultural rights of ethnic minorities, and contributed to the emergence of elements of local autonomy. However, in the 1930s Soviet national policy underwent a sharp transformation, shifting toward repression and the dismantling of national institutions, which resulted in the closure of clubs, the elimination of national districts, and the deportation of entire ethnic groups. The article highlights the impact of repressive measures on the demographic and social structure of ethnic communities in the region. Special attention is given to the period of partial liberalization during the Great Patriotic War, when religious organizations resumed their activities and became important centers of interethnic communication. The processes of rehabilitation of repressed peoples in the postwar period and migration trends in the 1960s–1970s are also analyzed. The author concludes that national associations and religious institutions played a crucial role in preserving ethnocultural identity and maintaining interethnic ties under conditions of strict state control.
Keywords:national policy, national minorities, Natsmen, Kuban region, Soviet period, korenizatsiya, repression, national districts, interethnic communication, religious organizations.
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