INTRODUCTION TO THE SURROUNDING NATURAL WORLD OF CHILDREN WITH MODERATE AND SEVERE MENTAL RETARDATION

Bormin Andrey Sergeevich

This work is devoted to familiarizing children with moderate and severe mental retardation with the surrounding natural world. The features of perception and cognitive activity of children with these disorders are considered in detail, as well as the importance of creating an adapted educational environment. Materials and methods. The research uses publications by Russian scientists, including articles from peer-reviewed journals on the subject. The reliability of the data is ensured by the use of statistical processing methods, which allowed for a detailed analysis of the phenomenon. The results of the study indicate significant limitations in the social, mental, and emotional-behavioral development of children with intellectual disabilities. Interaction and self-service skills remain low, although communication skills are better developed. Mental processes such as perception and memory are also underdeveloped, which affects the adequacy of emotional reactions and the stability of the emotional state. However, the use of modern technologies contributes to the formation of ideas about the world around us both in normotypic children and in children with mental retardation. Conclusion. Effective familiarization of children with moderate and severe mental retardation with the surrounding natural world requires the use of special approaches and methods. It is recommended to use visual and tactile materials, organize practical classes and excursions, introduce interactive forms of education, as well as modern technologies.

Keywords:children with mental retardation, familiarity with the outside world, fears, memory features, emotional sphere features